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China releases first ecological assessment of Xisha, Zhongsha, Nansha Qundao islands and reefs_我的网站

A |      8 月 25 日消息，在 8 月 23 日至 27 日的美国化学学会 2026 年秋季会议上，美国南伊利诺伊大学科学家公布了一项新成果，他们研发出一种特殊饼干，材料取自你扔掉的塑料饮料瓶。随着全球日益严重的塑料污染和对粮食安全的担忧日益加剧，南伊利诺伊大学卡本代尔分校的一个团队正在测试一种微生物，可以将塑料废弃物转化为人类可食用的食物，这一技术名为 μBites。▲ 图源南伊利诺伊大学卡本代尔分校这项工作属于美国 NASA 主导的一个项目，旨在为资源有限的深空探索环境创造食物。最常见的塑料形式之一是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET），这种材料常用于制造塑料瓶。    

    An aerial view of the Xisha Qundao Photo: VCGChina's Ministry of Natural Resources on Friday for the first time released a concentrated assessment of the ecological conditions of islands and reefs in the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Qundao island groups, presenting a detailed picture of nine representative islands and reefs ahead of China's 2026 National Ecology Day, which falls on August 15, China Central Television (CCTV) News reported Friday.
The assessment showed that the nine islands and reefs are generally in good ecological condition, although their ecosystems vary significantly from one location to another. The findings are expected to provide a scientific basis for more targeted conservation and management of different types of island and reef ecosystems.
Coral reef ecosystems in the Xisha Qundao have shown encouraging signs of recovery. The overall ecological conditions of four atolls, including the Beijiao, the Yongle Atoll, Yuzhuo Jiao and Langhua Jiao, of the Xisha Qundao, were rated as good.
Although live coral cover remains relatively low as a result of the large-scale coral bleaching event in 2020 and outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish since 2018, the reefs have recorded a high level of hard-coral recruitment, indicating strong and continued recovery, CCTV reported. 
Coral reefs are one of the best natural indicators of seawater quality, and are also a key foundation for marine biodiversity, Chen Xiangmiao, director of the World Navy Research Center at the National Institute for South China Sea Studies, told the Global Times on Friday. 
Huangyan Dao, meanwhile, stands out as a rare "biological gene bank" in the central South China Sea. Surveys recorded 135 species of reef-building corals around Huangyan Dao. Seagrass beds covering about 1.85 square kilometers were found distributed across its lagoon, with an average coverage of 19.2 percent. Live coral cover within the protected area has reached 38.8 percent.
The waters are also home to a range of rare and protected species, including green sea turtles, hawksbill turtles, giant clams and trumpet tritons, according to the assessment.
Chen said Huangyan Dao's coral reef ecosystem provides stable and diverse habitats for a wide range of marine species. With relatively limited development, its coral reefs function much like an underwater forest, offering feeding, shelter and breeding grounds for rare species such as sea turtles and giant clams. Its shallow lagoon and seagrass beds further enrich the variety of habitats, allowing different species to coexist and supporting a high level of biodiversity.
Ecological conditions among the Nansha Islands and reefs showed greater differences. While the overall condition remained good, some individual reef ecosystems have suffered serious degradation, according to CCTV News. 
Xianbin Jiao and Niu'e Jiao were assessed as being in good ecological condition, with live coral coverage reaching 24.7 percent and 37.7 percent, respectively.
By contrast, the ecosystems of Tiexian Jiao and Ren'ai Jiao have deteriorated significantly.
At Tiexian Jiao, outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish, tropical cyclones and foreign human activities, particularly continued construction by the Philippines on Zhongye Dao, have contributed to ecological damage. The area covered by live corals has fallen by nearly 70 percent compared with 2016. 
At Ren'ai Jiao, the long-term presence of a foreign military vessel illegally grounded there has caused pollution discharge, waste accumulation and fishing-net entanglement, according to the assessment. Live coral coverage has declined sharply, while both coral growth and natural recovery have been inhibited, according to CCTV. 
China has also continued to increase investment in marine ecological conservation and restoration in the South China Sea.
According to one of the released reports on ecological protection and restoration, natural resources, marine and forestry authorities at various levels in the South China Sea region implemented 66 marine ecological restoration projects in 2025, with total investment approaching 5 billion yuan ($741.5 million). 
China has long made the protection of the South China Sea's marine environment a priority, with particular attention to coral reefs, fishery resources and water quality, Chen said, adding that the good ecological conditions found at these islands under China's management show that conservation and restoration efforts have produced tangible results. 
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-25), a total of 262 marine ecological protection and restoration projects were carried out, involving more than 21.3 billion yuan in investment.
By the end of 2025, approximately 2.66 million hectares of marine ecological conservation redline areas and about 7 million hectares of marine nature reserves had been designated in the South China Sea region.
。PET 含有大量碳分子，可以重建成类似蛋白质的物质。虽然这种重建可以在实验室用化学反应和溶剂完成，但更简单、更环保的解决方案是将工作外包给微生物。从美国化学学会介绍获悉，该团队改造了多种酵母，包括烘焙酵母，将塑料和农业废弃物中的分子转化为蛋白质、维生素和调味料。研究人员将 PET 塑料、废弃的玉米杆和叶子及其他生物质，经过一种称为氧化热液溶解的专有工艺处理。该方法由南伊利诺伊大学卡本代尔分校地质学教授 Ken Anderson 发明，利用高温高压的水和氧气将坚硬物质分解成微生物可接触的碎片。然后，这些碎片被送给特别编程后的酵母，酵母会将它们转化为多种新的食品成分，包括蛋白质、脂肪和酸。

B | 最后，研究人员加入纤维、淀粉和甜味剂，并通过 3D 打印机挤出，形成富含蛋白质的饼干 μBites。

C | 尽管数据显示 μBites 是安全的，但团队仍在等待机构批准进行味觉测试。

D | 目前，这些饼干在香气方面获得了很高的评价，大多数参与者都同意在资源有限的情况下愿意吃。为了让 μBites 成为消费者在较为严峻环境下更容易下咽的选择，该团队创造了能够生产更多食品添加剂的酵母。现在，面包酵母可以利用植物生物质产生香草味，而另一种菌株则能将 PET 中的乙二醇转化为 β-胡萝卜素，身体可以将其转化为维生素 A。未来，该团队希望利用微生物生产 μBites 的主要成分，包括添加的淀粉、纤维和甜味剂，并希望 μBites 能在几年内面向公众开放，既能在地球上使用，也能在更极端的环境中使用，比如潜艇，甚至月球、火星上的殖民地。

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